![]() HUION shall have the right to modify or supplement this Agreement and announce it on Your continuation to releasing works on HUION official website shall be deemed as your acceptance of such modification or supplementation, otherwise you have the right to cease releasing works on HUION. Our results therefore reveal the distinctive contribution of long-range (dis)inhibitory afferents to the computational flexibility of neocortical circuits.HUION Official Website Platform User Agreement Checking “I have read and agreed with the HUION Official Website Platform User Agreement” means you agree with and undertake to observe this Agreement. Unlike excitatory pathways, incertocortical afferents form a disinhibitory circuit that encodes learned top-down relevance in a bidirectional manner where the rapid appearance of negative responses serves as the main driver of changes in stimulus representation. Incertocortical transmission undergoes robust plasticity during learning that improves information transfer and mediates behavioral memory. Here, we combine synaptic two-photon calcium imaging, circuit mapping, cortex-dependent learning, and chemogenetics in mice to identify GABAergic afferents from the subthalamic zona incerta as a major source of top-down input to the neocortex. Whereas top-down control has been attributed to excitatory pathways, the existence, connectivity, and information content of inhibitory top-down projections remain elusive. ![]() Top-down projections convey a family of signals encoding previous experiences and current aims to the sensory neocortex, where they converge with external bottom-up information to enable perception and memory.
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